Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Repressed Feminism And Gender Roles - 934 Words

Initially when I read this story I thought it was about a wife that was literally going crazy in her own house. But once I read it a second time, I discovered the underlying themes of suppressed feminism and gender roles. In one of the opening lines the narrator mentions how she doesn’t have a voice and her husband made diagnoses without really even listening to how she was feeling. The narrator tried to explain to her illness to her family, but since her husband who is also her physician, reassured them that she was ok obviously she couldn’t prove him wrong (Gilman 393). What could she do? When considering this point in history it’s obvious to see how her husband’s actions and tendencies could be considered normal. He’s a man of high esteem and top profession, and she’s a women without an education. She’s wouldn’t argue with her husband and doctor over this issue even if she knows that it’s more than just depression. Thi s story fits very well into the modern day and age where the same thing is still happening with married couples and can even be transferred over to the relationship between doctors and their patients. Women during this time were pretty confined to working in the house, whether it was cooking, cleaning, or taking care of the kids. The narrator of this story is imprisoned in this nursery-asylum type room with nothing to entertain herself with, except the mesmerizing yellow wallpaper. John, claims that she needs to rest by doing nothing, not even seeingShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Emma Watson And Tim Watsons Speech941 Words   |  4 PagesEmma Watsons ‘Gender Equality is your issue too’ speech, executed on the 20th of September, 2014. Watson had pre-prepared this speech, as it was performed for the HeForShe campaign at the UN Headquarters, in New York. Alongside Tim Collins’ speech to the 1st Battalion of the Royal Irish Regiment, in Iraq, 2003 – of which w as an eve-of-battle rousting and of which had not been prepared, prior to British troops entering Iraq. In Emma Watsons’ text, she explores issues relating to Gender, and how bothRead MoreGwen Harwood Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesGwen Harwood’s poetry is very powerful for its ability to question the social conventions of its time, positioning the reader to see things in new ways. During the 1960’s, a wave of feminism swept across Australian society, challenging the dominant patriarchal ideologies of the time. Gwen Harwood’s poems ‘Burning Sappho’ and ‘Suburban Sonnet’ are two texts that challenge the dominant image of the happy, gentle, but ultimately subservient housewife. Instead, ‘Burning Sappho’ is powerful in constructingRead MoreSummary : Performance The Body 1550 Words   |  7 Pageslive performances, as well as extravagant shows. She was in Manhattan around this time with the beginning of Third Wave feminism. Third-wave feminism furthers feminism perception that women are of many colors, ethnicities, natio nalities, religions and cultural backgrounds. Third Wave feminists have broadened their goals, focusing on ideas like queer theory, and abolishing gender role expectations and stereotypes. Through her career it was when gaga was performing as a gogo-dancer and in the New YorkRead MoreCan Beyonce Be Called A Feminist?1382 Words   |  6 PagesCan Beyoncà © be called a Feminist? A wife, mother, multi-millionaire, iconic pop star, to many young women, a role model, and now a proclaimed feminist. Beyoncà © has become the center of discussion when it comes to challenging our ideas of what modern feminism is. But what is feminism? In Mary Crawford s textbook, Transformations: Women, Gender, and Psychology, she states, Perhaps the simplest definition of a feminist is an individual who holds these basic beliefs: that women are valuable and thatRead MoreEssay on War Against Boys in Society1566 Words   |  7 Pagesviews. There is no girl crisis, says Sommers. Girls are not being pushed aside, shortchanged, or repressed in American society argues Sommers. Girls are outperforming boys academically, and girls’ self-esteem is no different from boys’. Sommers believes that it is boys who are lagging far behind girls and Sommers attempts to prove this in her book: The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism is Harming our Young Men. Sommers argues three main points in this book. First, boys encounter moreRead MoreThe Technology Of Gender : Essays On Theory, Film, And Fiction906 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Feminist Book Review: Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film, and Fiction – Teresa de Lauretis (1987, University Indiana Press) After reading Technologies of Gender it is easy for me to imagine author Teresa deLauretis comfortably discussing the impacts of patriarchal gender identity construction - which, she convincingly argues, is the goal of the titular technologies – over espresso with the feminist likes of Virginia Woolf and Adrienne Rich (both of whom she invokes throughoutRead MoreGender And Gender Roles Have Radically From The Time Henrick Ibsen s A Doll House1203 Words   |  5 Pages The idea of gender and gender roles have evolved minimally from the time Henrick Ibsen â€Å"A Doll House,† was first published. In the late 1800s, just before the beginning of the first wave of feminism in the United States and Europe, women were looking for ways to gain independence from their â€Å"duty† to marry a man, have children, and live a life to home and yearned for the freedom to choose what kind of lives they wanted to live, what they wanted to do, etc. In the beginning of the pl ay, the viewsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Coal 1712 Words   |  7 Pagesissues of class, feminism, sexism and racism for decades. These political issues are the symbols that transformed her into someone who is not just a woman, but a person whom clarifies these issues using poetry as a voice to define herself as a Black lesbian woman and an individual. The poem â€Å"Coal† is a poem that represents her ideals and her feelings towards being a voice among other feminists. It also shows her struggle as an individual that is caught between the issues of feminism coinciding withRead MoreThe Turbulent Emotions Felt By Feminist Women1681 Words   |  7 Pagestaken in hopes of bringing purpose and meaning back into their lives. While the first wave of feminists demanded their right to vote, these second-wave feminists took a stand for equality, not just in law, but in daily life. As the second wave of feminism grew due to the maltreatment of women, the influence of the newly pub lished Ms. Magazine aided the feminist movement, treading great change for women’s rights. By being able to add onto what the 1st wave accomplished-granting women the right to vote-womenRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in Two Kate Chopin’s Short Stories1105 Words   |  4 Pages(TheStormFeministPhilosophy.com). This description of Chopin’s work is distinctly evident in two of her most distinguished short stories, At The ‘Cadian Ball and its sequel The Storm. Both short stories embody a common theme; women challenging their confining gender roles. Although both works embody this theme, Chopin takes differing approaches in fulfilling this explicit theme; At The ‘Cadian Ball takes a â€Å"softer† approach in exposing this already controversial theme while The Storm takes a shockingly erotic approach

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Parenting Styles and Childrens Development Essay

Parenting Styles and Childrens Development There are several parenting styles which guide children throughout their life. These parenting styles can be either good or bad and this will have an effect on the child; either a positive or a negative one. This essay investigates the parenting styles from which emerge questions about the role of the mother and the father. It also focuses on the ways that either too much mothering or too much fathering might have an effect on the child’s identity later on in its life. What is good parenting style and how should parents act? Good parenting style shapes a child’s character and helps the child become a decent person of good manners. It is found that in order for this to occur parents must†¦show more content†¦Parenting style can be diverse from country to country, but even across country they can be surprisingly similar. As Being from Greece I would like to compare the American parenting style to the Greek parenting style. An interview of my roommate was conducted which showed that her parents were never strict with her and she never had a curfew. Her parents let her make her own decisions. This is how things work in my family as well. My parents let me make my own decisions and take responsibility for any consequences. Apart from that she argued that in her family the mother is in charge of the house and the children’s care whereas the father is less involved. So things are not as different between our families. On the contrar y they are rather similar. However, whether parenting styles are pretty much the same it is also very important how a specific parenting behavior takes place. If it takes place under harsh and non-friendly conditions then the child will never know how to act in a good way around people and it will never have the manners that its parents would wanted it to. This similarity of parenting styles might be happening because there are quite a few stereotypes which still exist in a large number of families. In most families the mother is the one who is responsible for the child’s rearing. The mother wakes the children up in the morning, she takes them to school, and she makes their meals and tucks themShow MoreRelatedParenting: Diana Baumrind Theory648 Words   |  3 Pagesdont take the time to see how a parent is truly. Most parents dont realize how their parenting methods affect their childs development. Most parents dont realize how bad or good of a parent they are. Many of them dont see that their kids imitate the methods they use to discipline their kids. In fact there are many types of different beliefs of parents. But there are certain people who observe the children’s behavior. Because sometimes people can notice how well the child’s needs are met physicallyRead MoreParenting and culture Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesbe applied to childhood development. On one side, supporters of the argument for the universality of parenting suggest that certain types of parenting styles will produce the same child development outcomes in different cultures. On the other hand, the argument for cultural specificity states that different parenting practices vary from culture to culture, and that culture ultimately determines the outcomes of child development. Each culture has specific styles of parenting that instill values onRead MoreEssay about Parenting Styles745 Words   |  3 PagesParenting styles have been grouped into three different categories: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. The authoritarian approach to parenting provides children with a clear set of rules which have to be followed without question or reason, while permissive parents constantly are giving into their child’s every wish. The authoritative parenting style gives children rules along with explanations for those rules, and reinforces good behavior. Therefore parents should make sure theRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Good Parenting1393 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Parenting style is one of the most attributed issues when dealing with care for children by their own parents. Parents should be always knowledgeable about the impact of proper parenting so that their child will grow productively. In this case, the level of parenting issues can help to improve the process of child’s learning development. This paper is going to discuss at least three parenting style for children in order to explore more about these proper parenting styles, which couldRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles And Its Effects On Preschoolers Growth1083 Words   |  5 Pagesin their development that occur physically, emotionally, socially, and cognitively. In this research paper, three topics were developed in order to further understand the relationship between parenting styles and its effects on preschoolers’ growth, more specifically, their personalities and social development. The topics that will be discussed in the research paper are the effects of c hildren’s temperament on parenting styles, specifically authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles, the personalitiesRead MoreAbstract Behavioral Development Is A Crucial Part Of Human1289 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Behavioral development is a crucial part of human development. It influences how people interact with the atmosphere and others around them. Behavioral development is reliant on on many environmental factors which include one’s parents, siblings, peers, schooling and culture. According to Jacqueline J. Goodnow, these parental factors are often dependent on the culture in which the person was raised. The two parental factors that have a negative effect on a child’s behavioral and psychologicalRead MoreParenting Styles and Culture1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdiverse cultures that can shape parenting behavior, some basic assumptions regarding the links between parenting styles and developmental outcomes may not be universal. Much research ha s been conducted on the different parenting styles across cultures. There are also many myths about which parenting style is the best or the most beneficial to the social development of children. Reviewing past literature on this subject matter reveals that the authoritarian parenting style produced more overt aggressionRead MoreLiterature Review- Parenting Styles and Child Development1737 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract A parenting style is a method or type of parenting which directly and indirectly influences the development of the child. Developmental psychologists study the physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, emotional and personality growth and development that occurs throughout a lifetime. The purpose of this research was to identify how specific parenting styles positively and negatively correlate with behaviors in children, how they affect children, and what methods of parenting couldRead MoreBattle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua1135 Words   |  5 PagesAmy Chua’s book: Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother has triggered a lively debate about the strict parenting style. In the book, it is mentioned that Chua sets rules and restrictions, such as no sleepovers, practising music instruments every day, etc. As a result, her daughters achieve excellent grades in schools (Goodin  ¶2-3). Chua’s parenting style is categorized as authoritarian. In Hong Kong, Chuaâ €™s style is popular. Parents put a lot of pressure on their children. Starting from primary level, childrenRead MoreChild Development Is An Inevitable Process For All Children1033 Words   |  5 Pageswalk on his/her own. Children are adventurous specimen in the midst of child development. Child development is a process that all children encounter in order to reach their developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are sets of skills every child will learn at specific periods in his/her childhood. Because every child is unique, developmental milestones are not due to be achieved at the same time. Child development is contingent on (but not solely) the way in which a parent decides to raise

Monday, December 9, 2019

African American Vernacular Traditions free essay sample

Integrated Into Modern Culture BY dfong523123 African American Vernacular Traditions: Integrated Into Modern Culture African American vernacular traditions have been around for many centuries and still cease to exist in their culture. The vernacular traditions of the African Americans started when slaves were existent in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It is believed that the slaves spoke a mix of Creole and partial English, in which they had to create in order to communicate between them discreetly.The vernacular radiation originated from the way the slaves lived their lives and their creativity. The relationship between the slaves and their masters, were very weak because the masters believed that the slaves were inferior to them. It is believed that African American slaves have better lungs than whites; therefore, giving them the advantage In singing over the whites. It Is indicated that early landmark anthologies of black literature included black songs and stories, which originated from the earlier vernacular forms. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Vernacular Traditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early vernacular traditions of the African American literature Influence the modern day African American literature. African Americans started practicing spirituals and gospels since the earliest days of slavery. In the early 19th century, slaves would sing these religious songs, while working, playing, resting, and during their gatherings. The songs were the only way the slaves could create a positive and optimistic attitude towards their lives. The insecurity that the slaves had from their slave owners were then forgotten because of the songs that they sung.These songs made them believe that they were the children of God and took their attention away from the hardworking labor that they delighted every day. The spirituals gave the slaves hope and the security of Fond 1 knowing that they would go to a peaceful place after death, known as Heaven. These spirituals and gospels have evolved into songs practiced weekly after many years. The songs evolved sporadically, and encouraged the creation of many more songs. Choirs and orchestras at different churches preached these songs during their weekly services and the people sing along.All these songs are to praise Jesus, the individual that is known to be the savior of the people. The early spirituals still are Eng today and people still think of these songs, as hope to live the better lives. The early vernacular traditions didnt only consist of religious, spiritual, and sacred practices, but there were secular forms of acts that existed in their lives. The early African Americans composed many superb narrative rhymes that really Influenced the culture today.They could also be known as poets, and these writers created a foundation for the modern day artists. The different stories and tales that these passages were describing, had a strong impact on the blues, which Is a part of the secular songs. Rap, a modern day form of rhyming music, has been influence greatly by the earlier secular songs and stories that the African Americans practiced. These songs started out as humor for the African Americans. And then sporadically evolved into sex, violence, and drugs over the past century.The childrens games song also has special meaning to them when they are used. The little messages that are songs also portrayed the ongoing violence and abuse that is present in the American society. The hardworking slaves also had a series of songs that they sang, in order to express their hardships and perseverance in the work that they did. The songs gave the workers something to do while they were working hard and made the time go by a little faster. This was their testimony to the hardships they were put through by their owners and proof that they were slaves.The songs made the slaves believe Fond 2 also gave them the security of freedom because they did what they wanted and sang the songs that they wanted to sing. This was a way the slaves could protest and feel like they were more than Just slaves. The different secular songs and rhythms really influenced the African American tradition, in that they are still practiced today. The African Americans had a really good imagination for music. The structural devices and vocal techniques that they used in their music excel from an average composer.The work songs and spirituals that they performed led to a new kind of music, known as the blues. The blues were not affiliated with the heavenly grace, but instead provided a good rhythm of words and instruments for the audience to enjoy. The lyrics of the songs complained mostly about complaints and troubles that the people encountered. A common characteristic of the blues were that there is always improvising and different sorts of sounds that were played to supplement the song. These blues really have affected the different styles of hip hop and Jazz today, creating a foundation for the two.Jazz is a type of music that originated from a series of elements: ragtime, marching band music, opera, and other European classic music. In the early 20th century, Jazz started becoming popular in the United States. Jazz was primarily a music that was influenced by the African Americans in their different musical techniques during slavery. Jazz is thought of as the instrumentalist singing the blues wrought their horns and boxes. These songs are a celebration to the peoples experiences and a positive vibe from memorable times that the slaves had when they were working. It is the rejuvenation for the people to still believe that there will be success in the future. Jazz is an African American endurance for the good and bad times during the upcoming century. All these different Jazz songs originated from the vernacular traditions of the African Fond 3 Americans and their beginning hardships throughout slavery. African American sermons and prayers are very distinctive as opposed to the ermine of a regular American. They believe that the sermon comes straight from God because the theme comes straight from the bible.The African American preachers are like storytellers, actors, and singers when preaching the word. The sermons all relate to slavery as well and they strive for freedom. The audience really does get involved in these sermons as well as they become part of the sermon and support the messages that the preachers are trying to get out. The preacher is involved in call-response patterns and recall patterns, which give them that extra technique to alp the audience learn that message. The African American sermon is not only preaching, but a sociopolitical exposition and analysis.The African Americans also have a distinctive structure of prayer, as compared to the Americans. Their style improvisations. When the African Americans moved continents, they brought their culture with them. Their songs, dances, and styles of worship were all passed on to their new home; however, folktales and stories were brought with them as well. The early African American vernacular traditions have really influenced the modern day African American culture, and American culture.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Mandelas Leadership

Executive summary Mandela is one of the greatest leaders of the twentieth century. By the turn of the millennium, Mandela had become a household name because of his success in ending apartheid in South Africa. Not only did he successfully lead South Africa in the fight against apartheid, but he also united people of different races after he became President, and thereby prevented civil war in South Africa.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mandela’s Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mandela is also one of the most selfless leaders the world has ever seen. During his term in office, which ran until 1999, he never misused power. Instead, he sought to empower the masses by exemplifying cohesion. He forgave his tormentors and urged the South African public to live in harmony with one another regardless of their race. After one term, he left office and became the first African leader to do so. His succ ess as a leader can be attributed to the fact that he was a charismatic, transformative and democratic leader. Introduction Nelson Mandela is indubitably a revolutionary leader. The transformative aspects of his leadership brought changes that are treasured by South Africa two decades after the country’s independence. He remarkably negotiated for the end of apartheid and persuaded the South African public to forgive each other and live in harmony despite their racial differences. He left office after only one term as President, paving way for other leaders. Mandela never misused power while in office, a fact that explains why he never held to it in the first place. He used his power to better the lives of the public in South Africa and set an example of selfless leadership. Mandela’s effectiveness in leadership can be attributed to his personal traits and decisive selection of good leadership styles. He is a charismatic and democratic leader. His leadership is also tra nsformative in nature because he transformed the mindset of the public. He ended apartheid, ushered in democracy and promoted a cohesive government, a feat that was seemingly unachievable during the years of apartheid. This paper analyses Mandela’s leadership styles and investigates his use of power.Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mandela’s leadership style and behaviour In his fight against apartheid and during his advocacy for democracy, Mandela always used the charismatic leadership style. In leadership studies, charisma is defined as a quality that differentiates the person who possesses it from others, giving him/her unrivalled persuasive power (Dalglish Miller 2010). Mandela’s charismatic leadership had a touch of democracy. A democratic leader engages followers in discussions and encourages interactions among the followers with the aim of reaching consen sus in decision making (Ripka 2007). It is however important to note that without certain traits, a leader cannot successfully adopt the charismatic and democratic styles of leadership. Charismatic leaders are particularly good in persuasion, speech and organizing (Rabinowitz 2013). They are honest, open minded and they have good listening skills. Mandela was the kind of leader who could listen to an argument for hours without making a comment and later help the people involved to reach consensus. He â€Å"is legendary for listening to all sides of the argument, taking guidance and then offering his analysis† (Curnow 2011, p. 1). He sometimes made proposals, which he gladly accepted as unfeasible if other people made him realise so. For instance, he once proposed voting age to be brought down to fourteen in South Africa. After public backlash on the proposal, he gave up on it. These are some of the qualities of a charismatic and democratic leader. Mandela’s experiences in the hands of the minority government had made him synonymous with the anti-apartheid movement. He found himself being the unquestionable leader of anti-apartheid groups across South Africa. In addition to this, Mandela was the symbolic leader of a myriad of liberation movements that were established during the fight against apartheid. He became the story through which people were made to understand the evil nature of apartheid (O’Fallon 2012). This status was a delicate affair for Mandela, who could have easily lost the confidence of the people if he adopted a poor leadership style. However, Mandela is intelligent and he possesses a sociable charisma that enabled him to connect well with the masses as well as the oppressive administration. Mandela also believes in non-violence and thus â€Å"his weapons were those of persuasion not of guns and bolts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mandela’s Leadership specifically for you for onl y $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was not a revolutionary bent upon seizing power. His ambition was higher, to convince all South Africans to embrace reconciliation, fairness and learn to live in harmony† (Bray n.d., p. 1). Mandela used dialogue and consensus to solve issues. These are important aspects of any democracy, and the leader of the democracy must be good in nurturing them. One of the reasons for Mandela’s success in leadership is his understanding of the fact that in South Africa, democracy could not be achieved without reconciliation. Additionally, he knew that justice was not achievable without peace. Mandela was ready to pursue whatever means to liberate the South African public, but being a wise man, he knew he had to follow Mahatma Gandhi’s example of non-violence. Upon this realization, Mandela employed his political cunning, charm and farsightedness to achieve a dream for which he had been imprisoned for decades (Carlin 2013). This shows his charismatic leadership because he was able to control himself in order to realize his dream of a peaceful South Africa where people of different races lived together in harmony. Mandela’s transformative and transactional leadership Transformative aspects of Mandela’s leadership Leaders are often encountered with the need to change the status quo. Some qualities are a must for transformative leaders. The first is charisma. The leader needs to â€Å"have vision and a sense of mission† (Dalglish Miller, 2010, p. 140). The leader has the confidence, respect and loyalty of his/her followers. This kind of framework ensures that the transformative aspects of the leader are fully realized. Mandela was such a leader. Mandela’s vision of â€Å"a beautiful South Africa† (Le 2009, p. 1) had profound effects on governance in South Africa. The vision actually resulted in a changed nation, after the Mandela influenced the public to share his vision. Tr ansformative leadership is all about realizing change that has been envisioned before the realization (Shields 2010), and thus Mandela was rightfully a transformative leader. Dalglish and Miller (2010) state that transformative leaders are more likely to be successful if they are inspirational. â€Å"Part of the inspiration derives from communicating a vision with fluency and confidence† (Dalglish Miller 2010). By appealing to supporters and supporting them emotionally, a leader is able to inspire his/her supporters to exceed the expectations they initially had. The leader must be a skilful communicator like Mandela was. Mandela was among the few leaders who are capable of inspiring audiences beyond their country. â€Å"Few others would have managed to unite the disparate warring parties and steer South Africa from what seemed to be the brink of civil war† (Nelson Mandela 2013, p. 1). The cohesive transformation brought by Mandela was one of his most remarkable accomp lishments.Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, transformational leaders offer personal attention to their followers and support them in the steps they take to realize their mission (McDowelle 2009). Mandela was such a leader. While in prison, he devised new communication methods that helped in organizing for hunger strikes. The strikes led to better living conditions in the prison. However, the most transformative aspect of Mandela’s leadership was his leadership against apartheid, and the subsequent reconciliation. Transactional aspects of Mandela’s leadership In a transactional leadership, there is an exchange between the leader and followers (Lai 2011). The transaction does not have to be composed of pre-defined valuables, but rather the leader gets something he/she needs and his/her followers also get something they need. However, the transaction must be acceptable to both parties (Dalglish Miller 2010). In Mandela’s case, he offered the public with inspiration and vision, which turned them from ordinary to extra-ordinary. Mandela also saved South African masses from the polarization that had threatened their peace for long. He shared his vision of peace in multicultural communities and set an example not only to South Africans, but also to the world. His Gandhi-inspired belief in non-violence has also been treasured by South Africans and the world because it is arguably the reason South Africa did not descend into civil war. The masses on the other hand, offered Mandela companionship in the fight against the apartheid government. After election into office, the South African public offered Mandela unwavering support that increased his confidence and made him more determined to serve his country (Baale 2013). Mandela’s use of power The most remarkable aspect of Mandela’s leadership is perhaps his use of power for the good of the public, and his lack of greed for power. During the fight against apartheid, Mandela remarkably used his intellectual and political power to influence the administration until it gave him a chance to implement his vision of reconciliation, protection of property, protection of human rights and the rule of law. This was accomplished after the minority government gave in to the demands for a democratically elected government in the year 1994. Instead of holding on to power after being elected President, Mandela sought to empower the public (Le 2009). Mandela’s style of managing power is proof of his transformative leadership skills. Lowe, Kroech and Sivasubramaniam (1996, p. 407) state that a â€Å"transformational leader, through intellectual stimulation, instils feelings of power in followers to attain higher goals through socialized power rather than the pure charismatic leader who attempts to exert dominance and subjugate followers through personalized power†. Mandela used his visionary power, charm and negotiation skills to win the confidence of the minority government, which eventually agreed t o voluntarily give up power. Among his powers were expert and referent power that he utilized well as he led South Africa in the fight against apartheid. Mandela was a trustworthy individual who could easily convince his opponents, both in political circles and in prison, to follow his ideals. He remarkably used his intellect and charm to negotiate with prison warders for better living conditions. After he won the subsequent 1994 elections with two-thirds of the votes, he used his power to reconcile the people who had previously been fighting, a step that led to worldwide peace efforts. â€Å"Unlike dictators and so many populist Presidents, he left office after only one term. He showed no love for power, only a fearless commitment to the most noble of values, which he celebrated even in the most terrible of times† (Bray n.d., p. 1). This decision has earned Mandela the respect of world leaders, as he showed no greed for power because he did not misuse power during his term i n office. It is common knowledge that Presidents who hold on to power do so to protect themselves from prosecution for abuse of the power bestowed upon them. Mandela’s knowledge and skills gave him influential power over South African populace. Mandela had graduated from the University with a degree in Law and he enjoyed political power because of his tenure as the ANC (African National Congress) leader. Mandela also enjoyed prestige power because he was a member of the South African elite before his political endeavours (Read 2010). The aforementioned power would prove helpful to Mandela even in prison. As mentioned above, he used his political power in prison to rally support against poor living conditions (Le 2009). Mandela’s power management skills are arguably the reason he succeeded in leading South Africa against apartheid and in becoming the global icon he is today. Conclusion Mandela is arguably the greatest leader alive. He is famously known for leading the f ight against apartheid in South Africa, and subsequently reconciling the public when he was elected President. During his politicking days, Mandela showed transformative, democratic and charismatic leadership styles. He is a gifted individual who used his persuasive power to get the approval of both the public and the apartheid administration. Mandela is open minded, honest and a good listener. These qualities made him a successful charismatic and democratic leader during the fight against apartheid. He is also confident and good in speech, qualities that indubitably make him the great leader he is. He remarkably encouraged people from different racial backgrounds in South Africa to live in harmony with each other, and thereby avoided a civil crisis. He embraced his tormentors and encouraged the masses to emulate his forgiveness. He became synonymous with the struggle against apartheid because he was the central figure and the leader of the anti-apartheid movement. After serving onl y one term as President, Mandela handed over power, becoming the first African leader to do so. Reference List Baale, L 2013, Valuable Leadership Lessons From Nelson Mandela, viewed on http://www.leadership.ng/nga/columns/50686/2013/03/23/valuable_leadership_lessons_nelson_mandela_2.html Bray, R n.d., Nelson Mandela, http://www.capetown.at/letters/mandela.htm Carlin, J 2013, Nelson Mandela’s Legacy, http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/pages/articledetails.aspx?aid=69 Curnow, R 2011, Mandela’s Leadership Lessons, http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/21/mandela%E2%80%99s-leadership-lessons/ Dalglish, C Miller, P 2010, Leadership: Understanding its Global Impact, Tilde University Press, Australia. 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